Pharmacognosy with Phytotherapy Course

Study Course Description

Course Description Statuss:Approved

Course Description Version:11.00

Study Course Accepted:21.03.2024 16:54:34

Study Course Information
Course Code:		ZFTK_046		LQF level:		Level 7
Credit Points:		7.00		ECTS:		10.50
Branch of Science:		Basic Sciences of Medicine, including Pharmacy; Pharmacognosy		Target Audience:		Pharmacy
Study Course Supervisor
Course Supervisor:		Elvis Pumpurs
Study Course Implementer
Structural Unit:		Department of Applied Pharmacy
The Head of Structural Unit:
Contacts:		Riga, 16 Dzirciema Street, zftkrsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67061547
Study Course Planning
Full-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		0	Lecture Length (academic hours)		0	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		0
Classes (count)		16	Class Length (academic hours)		4	Total Contact Hours of Classes		64
Total Contact Hours								64
Full-Time - Semester No.2
Lectures (count)		0	Lecture Length (academic hours)		0	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		0
Classes (count)		16	Class Length (academic hours)		3	Total Contact Hours of Classes		48
Total Contact Hours								48
Part-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		14	Lecture Length (academic hours)		4	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		56
Classes (count)		14	Class Length (academic hours)		4	Total Contact Hours of Classes		56
Total Contact Hours								112
Study course description
Preliminary Knowledge:
Plant and Animal Biology, English, Latin, Organic Chemistry, Medical Biochemistry, Laboratory Technique, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Methods of Instrumental Analysis, Normal and Pathological Physiology, Drug Form Technology, Pharmacology.
Objective:
1. Promote the acquisition of knowledge about medicinal plants, crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants and animals and their biologically active substances. 2. Acquire basic theory and practical methods to determine herbal drug identity and purity. 3. Promote understanding of medicines obtained from medicinal plants and animals, their place in scientific medicine.
Topic Layout (Full-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	Pharmacognosy and basic terminology of pharmacognosy. Basic groups of compounds in crude drugs. Classification of crude drugs. The difference between the use of crude drugs in ethnomedicine, traditional medicine, scientific medicine, homeopathy and in food supplements.			Classes		1.00	laboratory
2	Identity and purity of crude drugs. Pharmacognostic methods for analysis of herbal drugs.			Classes		3.00	laboratory
3	Polysaccharides – description and usage in scientific medicine. Polysaccharides containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Classes		3.00	laboratory
4	Comprehension about terpenoids (isoprenoids), their classification. Essential oils, bitters – description and usage in scientific medicine. Essential oils containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Classes		4.00	laboratory
5	Comprehension about glycosides, phenolic compounds, their classification. Simple phenolic compounds and flavonoids – description and usage in scientific medicine. Simple phenolic compounds and flavonoids containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Classes		3.00	laboratory
6	Anthracene derivatives, tannins – description and usage in scientific medicine. Anthracene derivatives, tannins containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Classes		3.00	laboratory
7	Lignans, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, saponins – description and usage in scientific medicine. Lignans, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, saponins containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Classes		3.00	laboratory
8	Alkaloids – description and usage in scientific medicine. Alkaloids containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Classes		2.00	laboratory
9	Carotenoids and vitamins – description and usage in scientific medicine. Carotenoids and vitamins containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity. Lipids description. Vegetable and animal oil description and usage in scientific medicine. Crude drugs and products of animal origin – description and usage in scientific medicine.			Classes		4.00	laboratory
10	Test: recognition of medicinal plants, herbal drugs and their adulterants discussed in spring and autumn semesters, herbal drug main biologically active substances, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use.			Classes		1.00	laboratory
11	Basic rules for the preparation and storage of herbal crude drug.			Classes		4.00	auditorium
12	Test. Basic rules for the preparation and storage of herbal crude drug. Visitation of Botanical garden of LU.			Classes		1.00	laboratory
Topic Layout (Part-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	Pharmacognosy and basic terminology of pharmacognosy. Basic groups of compounds in crude drugs. Classification of crude drugs. The difference between the use of crude drugs in ethnomedicine, traditional medicine, scientific medicine, homeopathy and in food supplements.			Lectures		1.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		1.00	laboratory
2	Identity and purity of crude drugs. Pharmacognostic methods for analysis of herbal drugs.			Lectures		2.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		2.00	laboratory
3	Polysaccharides – description and usage in scientific medicine. Polysaccharides containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Lectures		2.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		2.00	laboratory
4	Comprehension about terpenoids (isoprenoids), their classification. Essential oils, bitters – description and usage in scientific medicine. Essential oils containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Lectures		2.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		2.00	laboratory
5	Comprehension about glycosides, phenolic compounds, their classification. Simple phenolic compounds and flavonoids – description and usage in scientific medicine. Simple phenolic compounds and flavonoids containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Lectures		1.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		1.00	laboratory
6	Anthracene derivatives, tannins – description and usage in scientific medicine. Anthracene derivatives, tannins containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Lectures		1.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		1.00	laboratory
7	Lignans, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, saponins – description and usage in scientific medicine. Lignans, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, saponins containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Lectures		2.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		2.00	laboratory
8	Alkaloids – description and usage in scientific medicine. Alkaloids containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity.			Lectures		1.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		1.00	laboratory
9	Carotenoids and vitamins – description and usage in scientific medicine. Carotenoids and vitamins containing medicinal plants and herbal drugs: learning nomenclature, description, usage in scientific medicine, identification of identity and purity. Lipids description. Vegetable and animal oil description and usage in scientific medicine. Crude drugs and products of animal origin – description and usage in scientific medicine.			Lectures		1.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		1.00	laboratory
11	Basic rules for the preparation and storage of herbal crude drug.			Lectures		1.00	E-Studies platform
				Classes		1.00	laboratory
Assessment
Unaided Work:
1. Individual work with herbaria, crude herbal drugs and their adulterants. The ability to recognize plants, crude drugs, their adulterants is tested in colloquiums (oral) and in an exam (written). 2. Preparing for the control tests and colloquiums (using materials posted in e-studies; protocols of practical classes). The acquired knowledge, skills and competencies are regularly tested in the semester examinations, in the final examination of the study course – in the exam and in the state examination. In order to evaluate the quality of the study course as a whole, the student must fill out the study course evaluation questionnaire on the Student Portal.
Assessment Criteria:
Regular attendance of practical classes and active participation in laboratory works (pass). Demonstration of good results (4–10 points) during weekly tests, colloquiums (forms an accumulative assessment of the acquired course; its share in the overall assessment of the exam – 50%). Demonstration of good results of spring and autumn semester tests (pass). Evaluation of the quality of prepared crude herbal drugs and herbaria (1–10 points; its share in the overall assessment of the exam – 16.666...% ). The ability to recognize plants, crude drugs, their adulterants is tested in colloquiums (oral; evaluation in a 10-point system) and in an exam (written; evaluation in a 10-point system; its proportion in the written part of the exam – 50%). Proportion of the written part of the exam in the total assessment – 33.333 ...%.
Final Examination (Full-Time):		Exam (Written)
Final Examination (Part-Time):		Exam (Written)
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge:		Upon completion of the course the students will know: • criteria for the recognition of herbal drugs in the European Union; • appearance of medicinal plants, their name in English and Latin, the most significant differences from their adulterants (similar plants); • appearance of crude drugs and products obtained from medicinal plants and animals; their name in English and Latin; the most significant differences from their adulterants (similar drugs); • the properties of biologically active herbal and animal substances; • conditions of herbal drug preparation and storage; • the use of crude drugs and products obtained from plant and animal in scientific medicine, their role in maintaining and/or recovering health.
Skills:		Upon completion of the course the students will be able to: • recognise medicinal plants and distinguish them from adulterants; • recognise crude drugs and products obtained from plants and animals and distinguish from their adulterants; • determine identity and purity of crude drugs obtained from plants and animals during macroscopic and microscopic examination, physical and chemical methods of analysis; • explain usage of herbal and animal remedies in scientific medicine.
Competencies:		Upon combining theoretical knowledge and practical skills, the students will be able to: • ensure qualitative process of preparing crude drug; • evaluate identity and purity of plant and animal origin crude drugs and products; • evaluate the importance of plant and animal origin crude drugs and products in scientific medicine.
Bibliography
No.	Reference
Required Reading
1	WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Geneva: WHO. – Vol. 1: 1999; – Vol. 2.: 2002; – Vol. 3.: 2004; – Vol. 4.:2005. (akceptējams izdevums)
2	ESCOP. 2003. ESCOP Monographs: Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products. 2nd ed. Exeter; Stuttgart; New York: ESCOP; Thieme. (akceptējams izdevums)
3	EDQM. 2020. European Pharmacopoeia.10th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. (akceptējams izdevums)
4	Eiropas Zāļu aģentūras (EMA – The European Medicines Agency) augu zāļu datu bāze: http://www.ema.europa.eu (sk. Find medicine > Herbal medicines for human use > A–Z)
5	Latvijas Zāļu valsts aģentūras (ZVA) Latvijā reģistrēto zāļu datu bāze: Latvijas Republikas Zāļu reģistrs: http://www.zva.gov.lv
6	Priedītis, N. 2014. Latvijas augi. Rīga: Gandrs [tas pats: Sugu enciklopēdija: http://latvijasdaba.lv]
7	Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students
8	WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Geneva: WHO. – Vol. 1: 1999; – Vol. 2.: 2002; – Vol. 3.: 2004; – Vol. 4.:2005. (akceptējams izdevums)
9	ESCOP. 2003. ESCOP Monographs: Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products. 2nd ed. Exeter; Stuttgart; New York: ESCOP; Thieme. (akceptējams izdevums)
10	EDQM. 2020. European Pharmacopoeia.10th ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. (akceptējams izdevums)
Additional Reading
1	Evans, W. C. 2009. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 16 ed. Elsevier.
2	Ashutosh, K. 2007. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. 2 ed. New Age International.
3	German Comission E. 1998. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic guide to herbal medicines.
4	German Comission E. 2000. Herbal medicine = Expanded Commission E monographs.
5	Лекарственное сырье растительного и животного происхождения. Фармакогнозия: Учебное пособие. Санкт-Петербург: СпецЛит, 2013.
6	Самылина, И. А. и Яковлев, Г. П. 2013. Фармакогнозия: Учебник. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа.
7	Муравьева, Д. А. Фармакогнозия: Учебник. Москва: Медицина, 2007
8	Шретер, А. И., отв. ред. 1985. Правила сбора и сушки лекарственных растений (сборник инструкций). Москва: Медицина.
9	Яковлев, Г. П., ред. 2002. Большой энциклопедический словарь лекарственных растений: учебное пособие. Санкт-Петербург: СпецЛит.
10	Блинова, К. Ф. и Яковлев, Г. П., ред. 1990. Ботанико-фармакогностический словарь: Справочное пособие. Москва: Высшая школа.
11	Heinrich, M., Barnes, J., Gibbons, S. and Williamson, E. M. 2018. Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy.
12	Barnes, J., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, D. J. 2007. Herbal Medicines. 3ed ed. Pharm. Press.
13	Van Wyk, B.-E. and Wink, M. 2004. Medicinal plants of the world: an illustrated scientific guide to important medicinal plants and their uses. Timber Press.
14	ВОЗ. 2010. Монографии ВОЗ о лекарственных растениях, широко используемых в Новых независимых государствах (ННГ). Женева: ВОЗ.
Other Information Sources
1	Skutelis, A. un Pakalns, D. 2005. Ārstniecības augu farmakoloģija. Rīga.
2	Соколов, С. Я. и Замотаев, И. П. 1990. Справочник по лекарственным растениям: фитотерапия. 2-е изд. Москва: Медицина.
3	Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: handbook for practice on a scientific basis. 3ed ed. Medpharm, 2004.
4	Philp, R. B. 2004. Herbal-drug interactions and adverse effects: an evidence-based quick reference quide. McGraw-Hill.
5	Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics.
6	Van Wyk, B.-E. 2005. Food plants of the world. 1st ed. Timber Press.
7	Roth, I. and Lindorf, H. 2002. South American Medical Plants: botany, remedial properties and general use. Springer.
8	Neuwinger, H. D. 2000. African traditional medicine: a dictionary of plant use and applications. Medpharm.
9	Van Wyk, B.-E., Bosch van Oudtshoorn and Nigel Gericke. 2002. Medicinal plants of South Africa. 1st ed. Briza.
10	Ameenah, G.-F. and Brendler, T. 2004. Medicinal and aromatic plants of Indian ocean islands (Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles and Mascarenes). Medpharm.
11	Tibetan medicinal plants. Medpharm, 2001.
12	Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students
13	Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: handbook for practice on a scientific basis. 3ed ed. Medpharm, 2004.
14	Ameenah, G.-F. and Brendler, T. 2004. Medicinal and aromatic plants of Indian ocean islands (Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles and Mascarenes). Medpharm.
15	Van Wyk, B.-E. 2005. Food plants of the world. 1st ed. Timber Press.