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Biochemistry

Study Course Description

Course Description Statuss:Approved
Course Description Version:5.00
Study Course Accepted:28.07.2020 14:45:39
Study Course Information
Course Code:CFUBK_061LQF level:Level 7
Credit Points:4.00ECTS:6.00
Branch of Science:Chemistry; BiochemistryTarget Audience:Medicine
Study Course Supervisor
Course Supervisor:Jeļena Krasiļņikova
Study Course Implementer
Structural Unit:Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry
The Head of Structural Unit:
Contacts:Riga, 16 Dzirciema Street, cfbkatrsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67061550
Study Course Planning
Full-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)10Lecture Length (academic hours)2Total Contact Hours of Lectures20
Classes (count)15Class Length (academic hours)3Total Contact Hours of Classes45
Total Contact Hours65
Study course description
Preliminary Knowledge:
Physics, chemistry, biology, anatomy.
Objective:
To provide theoretical and practical knowledge of metabolism in whole of human organism on molecular level; joining of regulation and integration of biochemical pathways as base of physiological health and homeostasis; quantitative and qualitative detection of important biochemical markers. To ensure face to face studies, as well as distance learning by use of such platforms as Zoom, e-studies, google docs, Panopto etc.
Topic Layout (Full-Time)
No.TopicType of ImplementationNumberVenue
1Enzymes: structure, classification, mechanism of action, specificity, activators and inhibitors.Lectures1.00auditorium
2Metabolism, general principles and regulation. Role of hormones and vitamins.Lectures1.00auditorium
3Bioenergetics, oxidative stress free radicals, functions of ATP in humans.Lectures1.00auditorium
4Glycolysis – importance, regulation. Anaerobic ways of glycolysis.Lectures1.00auditorium
5Pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation and Krebs (CAC) cycle – importance, regulation.Lectures1.00auditorium
6Glycogen – anabolism and catabolism, importance and regulation. Pentose phosphate pathway – importance.Lectures1.00auditorium
7Metabolism of lipids: Lipolysis and β-oxidation – importance and regulation.Lectures1.00auditorium
8Anabolism of lipids: Biosynthesis of fatty acids (FA), ketonbodies and cholesterol. Importance and regulation.Lectures1.00auditorium
9Metabolism of amino acids. Biogenic amines, synthesis, degradation, functions.Lectures1.00auditorium
10Relations between various metabolic pathways. Regulation of metabolic pathways by hormones.Lectures1.00auditorium
11Amylase activity, nospecific inhibitors, enzyme specificity.Classes1.00auditorium
12Activation and inhibition of enzymes, changes in amyloclastic force/ Activity of enzymes, methods of detection etc.Classes1.00laboratory
13Digestion of nutrients in human/ Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.Classes1.00laboratory
14Digestion of nutrients in human/ Digestion of lipids; functions of bile.Classes1.00laboratory
15Colloquium. Enzymology and digestion.Classes1.00laboratory
16Bioenergetics.Classes1.00laboratory
17Metabolism of Carbohydrates/ Determination of Pyruvate and Lactate.Classes1.00laboratory
18Energetic metabolism of carbohydrates.Classes1.00laboratory
19Storage metabolism of carbohydrates.Classes1.00laboratory
20Test. Bioenergetics/ metabolism of carbohydrates.Classes1.00laboratory
21Metabolism of lipids/ ketone bodies.Classes1.00laboratory
22Metabolism of lipids/ transport forms of lipids.Classes1.00laboratory
23Metabolism of amino acids/ Aminotransferases.Classes1.00laboratory
24Urea cycle, importance/ Normal and pathological compounds of urine.Classes1.00laboratory
25Colloquium. Metabolism of lipids and amino acids.Classes1.00laboratory
Assessment
Unaided Work:
• Study course includes 96 hours of self-studies. Self studies include independent studies of sources provided in e-studies (books, review articles); pre-preparation of homework presented in e-studies (multiple tasks representing main concept of colloquiums) prepared for each practical lesson and covering topics from previous lectures; fulfillment of online tests in e-studies prepared for each practical lesson for self-appraisal; preparation of practical work reports; answering to individual small questions given during the practical classes (list of questions uploaded on e-studies after every practical class); finding solutions for applied case studies (list of clinical tasks found in e-studies); scientific article analysis and e-presentation preparation; voluntary practical research work.
Assessment Criteria:
Practical work report evaluation includes the rationale of self-reported results, interpretation of gained results in clinical aspect, answers to additional individual question related to the topic. Colloquiums include detailed multiple choice questions representing specific theoretical and practical knowledge; multiple tasks assessing understanding of biochemical processes and their regulation; clinical tasks estimating the ability to use the gained knowledge in order to explain simplified clinical conditions. Examination (final assessment) includes general multiple choice questions in all topics covered during study course; multiple written tasks covering most important digestion and metabolism processes in detail; oral questions which are designed to evaluate general understanding of relations between biochemical processes ensuring homeostasis and potential related dysmetabolism and pathologies. Final grade in the course "Biochemistry" is determined as accumulative grade (average grade of 3 colloquiums if all the grades are at least 7 and higher) or final exam (100%).
Final Examination (Full-Time):Exam (Written)
Final Examination (Part-Time):
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge:In the end of the course students will be able to name factors influencing enzyme’s activity, to group digestive enzymes according to their action mechanism and name main digestive enzymes of all nutrient classes. They will be also able to recognize and name main metabolites of carbohydrate metabolism and characterize regulation and enzymes of glycolysis, oxidative decarboxylation and Krebs cycle, to recognize and name main metabolites of lipid metabolism and characterize regulation and enzymes of beta oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis, to recognize and name main metabolites of amino acid metabolism and characterize regulation and enzymes of ammonium detoxification, characterize metabolic pathways in human metabolism that connects carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids and allows these groups to transform in to each other, name hormones that regulate these transformations. Students will learn methods required for basic biochemistry analysis performed in medicine.
Skills:In the end of the course students will be able to: • explain based on enzyme action mechanism how various factors influence enzymes activity; • explain how molecules are sequentially digested during digestion process, identify end products of digestion process; • explain step by step with appropriate metabolic pathways how carbohydrates are degraded for energy of how they are stored; • explain step by step with appropriate metabolic pathways how lipids are degraded for energy of how they are stored; • explain step by step with appropriate metabolic pathways how amino acids are degraded for energy, the fate of “carbon skeletons” and amino group; • explain step by step with appropriate metabolic pathways how lipids and carbohydrates are inter-converted, in which direction they are regulated in various metabolic situations; • explain principles of biochemical analysis that are commonly used to analyze blood and urine to determine overall functional state of human organism.
Competencies:In the end of the course students will be able to: • assess how possible perturbations in homeostasis of human body would influence activity of enzymes and predict possible consequences within total metabolism; • assess how low activity of certain digestion enzyme would influence digestion process and overall spectra of absorbed nutrients; • assess how disturbance of certain metabolic pathway from basic carbohydrate, lipid of amino acid metabolism could perturb the metabolic network and predict possible consequences on human metabolism; • conduct laboratory experiment, use corresponding equipment and evaluate results in future practical or scientific work; • integrate knowledge of metabolic pathways with information from other courses thus giving a whole and multifaceted view on human organism.
Bibliography
No.Reference
Required Reading
1Nelson, D. L. and Cox, M. M. 2013. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co
2Lieberman, M.A. and Peet, A. 2012. Marks's Basic Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams& Wilkins
Additional Reading
1Baynes, J. W., Dominiczak, M. H. 2014. Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed. Elsevier Limited. Available from: https://www-clinicalkey-com.db.rsu.lv/#!/browse/book/3-s2.0… [viewed 24.07.2018.]
2Berg, J. M. , Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L.. 2002. Biochemistry. 5th ed. New York: W H Freeman. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21154/ [viewed 24.07.2018.]
3Meisenberg, G. and Simmons, W. H 2017. Principles of Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier. Available from: https://www-clinicalkey-com.db.rsu.lv/#!/browse/book/3-s2.0… [viewed 24.07.2018.]
4Murray, R. K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P. A. and Rodwell, V.W. 2003. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 26th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Other Information Sources
1Currie ,E., Schulze A., Zechner R., Walther, T. C., and Farese Jr., R. V. 2013. Cellular Fatty Acid Metabolism and Cancer. Cell Metabolism. 18 (2), 153–161.
2Kaoutari, A. E., Armougom, F., Gordon, J. I., Raoult, D. and Henrissa, B. 2013. The abundance and variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the human gut microbiota. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11, 497–504.
3King, M. W. The medical biochemistry page. Available from: https://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/#nogo [viewed 24.07.2018.]
4Lipid absorption 2016. In Boron, W. and Boulpaep E,. ed. Medical Physiology. 3rd ed. Philadelpia: Elsevier. Available from: https://doctorlib.info/physiology/medical/248.html [viewed 24.07.2018.].
5Mudgil, D. and Barak, S., 2013. Composition, properties and health benefits of indigestible carbohydrate polymers as dietaryfiber:A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.61, 1-6. Science Direct. Research gate.
6Vaishnavi, S. N., Vlassenko, A. G., Rundle, M. M., Snyder, A. Z., Mintun, M. A. and Raichle, M. E. 2010 . Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (41) 17757-17762
77. Wu, F. and Minteer, S. 2015. Krebs Cycle Metabolon: Structural Evidence of Substrate Channeling Revealed by Cross‐Linking and Mass Spectrometry. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54: 1851-1854.