Emergency Cardiology and Intensive Therapy I (RKA_030)
About Study Course
Objective
The course is designed for cardiology residents to acquire theoretical and practical knowledge as well as practical skills about acute cardiovascular pathologies, including intensive therapy (etiology, pathology, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, differential diagnoses, treatment methods, emergency care, monitoring of acute and hemodynamically unstable patients, early and late rehabilitation).
Learning outcomes
1.- In-depth knowledge of acute cardiac pathology (etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, investigation methods, differential diagnoses, treatment options, early rehabilitation);
- Detailed insight into possible indications, contraindications, complications using invasive and non-invasive treatment options;
- Pharmacology, indications, contraindications for therapy used in acute cardiac patients, incl. for maintenance of hemodynamics, prevention and therapy of thrombosis;
- Knowledge of the state of the respiratory system in a patient with acute cardiac pathology (interpretation of arterial and venous blood gas tests; principles of acute respiratory insufficiency therapy; principles of oxygen therapy selection, including indications, selection and provision of various invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation methods);
- Principles of fluid, electrolyte, acid-base and kidney support (principles of renal failure management, including general knowledge of renal replacement therapy (hemofiltration and dialysis);
- Maintenance of general metabolism (nutritional balance, assessment and management of basic metabolic function requirements);
- Principles of diagnosis, treatment, prevention of cardiac and generalized infections (interpretation of microbiological sampling and microbiological test results; selection of basic antimicrobial agents, indications, complications, interactions and monitoring).
1.- formulate the primary diagnosis for acute cardiovascular pathologies, based on clinical and physical examination and additional examination data;
- diagnose the three main pathogenic mechanisms of cardiac arrest (VF/VT, asystole and pulseless electrical activity [electromechanical dissociation]) and provide first aid according to the algorithms defined in the guidelines;
- perform short-term intravenous general anesthesia for emergency, urgent and planned treatment of rhythm disorders with electroimpulse therapy, be able to choose and perform appropriate therapy for rhythm disorders;
- perform CPR according to basic and advanced algorithms, as well as continue patient care after cardiocerebral resuscitation measures;
- according to the indications, perform indirect heart massage, electrodefibrillation, tracheal intubation, use MPV by choosing appropriate respirators, MPV regimes, intracardiac medication administration;
- to know the indications of plasmapheresis;
- must be able to diagnose and treat post cardiac arrest syndrome (including therapeutic hypothermia);
- perform puncture and catheterization of central and peripheral blood vessels, determine and interpret vital functions and hemodynamic indicators, as well as apply the most modern treatment methods to ensure vital functions;
- specific medication administration and dosing methodology – intravenous administration of medication using drip infusion, perfusors and other instruments (skill to practically prepare instruments, perform central venous and peripheral vascular catheterization, knowledge of highly effective substances (dopamine, dobutamine, sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, lidocaine etc.) for indications for use, dosage, side effects).
- perform screening EchoKg, aortic balloon counterpulsation, interpret 12-lead ECG;
- perform pericardiocentesis in case of cardiac tamponade.
1.- independently draw up an examination plan and perform differential diagnosis for a patient with suspected acute cardiac pathology,
- provide cardiological emergency medical assistance, intensive therapy and resuscitation measures, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation;
- the ability to care for a patient with an acute cardiological profile in intensive therapy, including the ability to monitor and ensure the vital functions of hemodynamically unstable patients.
