.
Children's Health
Study Course Description
Course Description Statuss:Approved
Course Description Version:3.00
Study Course Accepted:17.08.2022 10:56:19
| Study Course Information | |||||||||
| Course Code: | PEK_044 | LQF level: | Level 6 | ||||||
| Credit Points: | 4.00 | ECTS: | 6.00 | ||||||
| Branch of Science: | Clinical Medicine; Paediatrics | Target Audience: | Nursing Science; Medicine | ||||||
| Study Course Supervisor | |||||||||
| Course Supervisor: | Ilze Meldere | ||||||||
| Study Course Implementer | |||||||||
| Structural Unit: | Department of Paediatrics | ||||||||
| The Head of Structural Unit: | |||||||||
| Contacts: | Riga, Vienibas gatve 45, pk rsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67621730 | ||||||||
| Study Course Planning | |||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.1 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 10 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 20 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 22 | Class Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 44 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 64 | ||||||||
| Study course description | |||||||||
| Preliminary Knowledge: | In the disciplines of the humanities and social sciences that develop students’ critical creative thinking skills, understanding of man as a living being and their role in the society. In foreign languages (Russian, English or German, Latin). In preclinical disciplines: human anatomy, physiology, cell and medical biology, microbiology, embryology, genetics, parasitology, medical and biophysics, medicinal chemistry, histology. In medical terminology in Latvian, English, Russian and Latin. | ||||||||
| Objective: | The study course is intended for students of the 3rd year of studies of the Midwifery study programme of the Faculty of Nursing Studies. In the Children’s Health study course, the student learns the structural and functional features of a healthy child’s body, the regularities of growth and development, the principles of health promotion for children, in-depth knowledge of the most common pathologies in children, as well as learns to develop the necessary skills and attitude of a midwife in working with children. | ||||||||
| Topic Layout (Full-Time) | |||||||||
| No. | Topic | Type of Implementation | Number | Venue | |||||
| 1 | Paediatrics, its place in medicine and direction of development. WHO criteria defining health. Health groups. Children’s state of health in Latvia. Infant and child mortality, the main causes thereof. Stages of human development in ontogenesis. Antenatal, intranatal, postnatal stage. Age stages of children and characteristics thereof. The regularities of growth and development of a healthy child. Factors affecting growth: genetic, intrauterine factors, nutrition, endocrine system. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 2 | Child’s motor development. Formation of the nervous system during the antenatal period, dynamic development thereof. Development of the child’s motor skills and improvement thereof in dynamics, “nodal points” of movement. Child development in the first year of life (large movements, fine motor skills, holding the head, sitting, standing, walking) and at a later age. Psychosocial development of children. Perception and language development. Formation of a personality. Sensory system, its organs | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 3 | Immunity, formation and maturation thereof. The most important characteristics of children’s immunity. Vaccination and related problems. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 4 | Structural and functional features of the digestive system, investigation methods, semiotics. Features of certain parts of the digestive system in children and clinical significance thereof. The most common semiotics of digestive system disorders (vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, flatulence). | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 5 | Metabolism of minerals and vitamins. Ca, P, Zn, fluorine, etc. mineral metabolism. Vitamins (fat-soluble, water-soluble) and their regulatory role in various metabolic processes. Vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency rickets. Factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency in the body. Pathogenesis of rickets development, clinical manifestation at different ages. Diagnosis, prevention, treatment. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 6 | Causes, main clinical symptoms of infectious diseases in children (measles, rubella, chicken pox, scarlet fever, epidemic parotitis, whooping cough). Nosocomial infections and prevention thereof. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 7 | Recognising genetic stigmas in childhood. The most common chromosomal pathologies, signs thereof in newborns. Emergency care in the maternity ward in case of various congenital anomalies. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 8 | Premature baby, their physiological features. Anatomy physiological features of a premature baby. Causes and classification of premature birth. The risk of pathologies and their consequences. Examination, assessment and taking care (nursing, feeding) of a premature baby. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 9 | Perinatal asphyxia – definition. Asphyxia-induced damage – hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hypoxic multiple organ damage. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 10 | Haematological disorders of the neonatal period. Haemorrhagic syndrome in the neonatal period. Anaemias of the neonatal period, polycythaemia. Foetal erythropoiesis, its influencing factors. Haematological indicators depending on gestational age. Anaemia, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment thereof. Haemorrhagic syndrome, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment thereof. Polycythaemia, causes, clinical manifestations. | Lectures | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 11 | Anamnesis and the specifics of taking it about children. The most frequently used methods of examination in children. Tactics during the examination of a paediatric patient. Specifics of communication with paediatric patients. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 12 | Formation of bones and teeth in the antenatal period. Stages of bone formation. Structural features of bones in children. Features and development of the muscular system. Examination of the bone system, semiotics, posture and characteristics thereof. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 13 | Features of children’s urogenital system and the most common diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract in children. Principles of care. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 14 | Intestinal infections in paediatric patients. Basic principles of care for children with intestinal infections. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 15 | Anatomical-physiological features of children’s haematopoietic system. Causes, clinic, principles of prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 16 | Pneumonia in children, bronchitis, clinical manifestations thereof. Features of asthma in children. Principles of care. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 17 | The concept of food allergy: allergy, food allergy, atopy. Factors contributing to allergies (predisposition, diet, medications, etc.). Allergens in various products (cow’s milk, eggs, fish, etc.). Cow’s milk allergy. Food products containing histamine. Clinical signs of food allergy: in the skin, mucous membranes, digestive and respiratory system, prevention and treatment. Atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 18 | Infectious diseases in children – parotitis, measles, rubella, chicken pox, whooping cough, diphtheria, herpes, HIV. Nosocomial infection. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 19 | Full term and premature baby. Adaptation of newborns – paraphysiological conditions – adaptation of respiratory, circulatory, internal secretion systems, metabolic, renal, digestive systems, thermoregulation, etc. Cardiovascular specifics in the neonatal period. Signs of heart failure. Pulse oximetry screening | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 20 | Jaundice in the neonatal period. Specifics of bilirubin metabolism in newborns. Direct, indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Aetiology of indirect hyperbilirubinemia, pathogenesis, classification, laboratory tests. Complications of indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Basic principles of treatment. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 21 | Formation and development of the respiratory system in the antenatal period. Anatomical-physiological features. Respiratory disorders during the perinatal period, causes thereof. Clinical symptoms, connection thereof with the gestational age. (hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration syndrome, transient tachypnea, pneumonias (antenatal, intranatal, postnatal). | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 22 | Anatomical-functional development of the CNS. Examination, evaluation of neurological development. Hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage (aetiology, mechanisms of development and morphological variants of damage). Traumatic CNS damage. Intranatal infections (encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, meningitis). Damage to the peripheral nervous system in the perinatal period. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 23 | Neonatal resuscitation I | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 24 | Neonatal resuscitation II | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 25 | Infections of the perinatal period – bacterial infection, the most frequent agents thereof. TORCH syndrome. Anatomical-physiological features of the skin. Umbilical cord. Infectious diseases of the skin, aetiology, pathogenesis, clinic and treatment thereof. Local skin and subcutaneous infections, navel and eye diseases in the neonatal period. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 26 | Endocrine gland diseases in the neonatal period. Adrenogenital syndrome, adrenal hyperplasia, congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal hyperthyroidism. Gestational diabetes and syndrome of infant of a diabetic mother. Tactics in case of hypoglycemia. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 27 | Neonatal care. Navel and skin care. Bathing. Proper baby positioning skills. Newborn reflexes. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 28 | Primary care of infants. Preventive examinations of children in the first month and first year of life, up to 18 years of age, of premature babies, SGA, etc. late neonatal problems. Shaken baby syndrome. Sudden death syndrome. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 29 | Breastfeeding. Breast milk composition, its variability and importance. Mammary gland development, hormonal regulation. Psychological aspects of breastfeeding, physiology of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding technique. Factors that enhance and inhibit lactation. Breastfeeding and work, lactation, Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding, International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 30 | A woman’s diet during pregnancy and lactation. The effect of breastfeeding on the health of the child and the mother. Stages of a woman’s preparation for breastfeeding (antenatal, perinatal, postnatal). Effects of medications on lactation. | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 31 | Types of infant feeding. Artificial feeding of infants. Medical indications when the child is not breastfed. Effect of artificial nutrition on kidneys, digestive system, respiratory tract. Principles of artificial feeding. Types of breast milk substitutes. New nutritional products for infants, preparation thereof, serving technique. Feeding a toddler and a child of preschool age. Energy consumption required by the child’s body. Characteristics of nutritional products. Principles of feeding. Heal | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| 32 | Exam | Classes | 1.00 | clinical base | |||||
| Assessment | |||||||||
| Unaided Work: | The student’s knowledge and skills during the study process are evaluated in practical work with the patient and their parents, performing short tests, participating in solving theoretical material tasks, clinical cases and situational tasks, group work, discussions, role plays, peer review and discussion of works; the student’s knowledge and skills in practical classes are assessed in colloquia and practical tests during the study cycle; the cumulative knowledge acquired on the study subject is assessed in the exam after successful completion of the study programme. | ||||||||
| Assessment Criteria: | The student’s knowledge and skills in practical classes are assessed by completing short tests, participating in solving theoretical material tasks, clinical cases and situational tasks, peer review and discussion of works, preparing written and oral reports; colloquia, theoretical and practical test at the end of the study cycle. | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Full-Time): | Exam (Written) | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Part-Time): | |||||||||
| Learning Outcomes | |||||||||
| Knowledge: | After successful fulfilment of the requirements of the Children’s Health study course, the student will have acquired knowledge that will allow: To describe the role of paediatrics in medicine, directions of its development, the state of children’s health in Latvia. To evaluate the stages of child’s age. To evaluate the importance of anamnesis and the specifics of taking it about children, the growth and physical development of a healthy child at different ages, as well as the child’s motor development at different ages. To understand the child’s psychosocial development, formation of perception, language and personality. To explain the principles of health promotion. To evaluate the structural and functional features of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems in children, examination methodology and semiotics. To explain the importance of nutrition for a growing body, breastfeeding, promotion, protection and monitoring of breastfeeding, artificial feeding of infants, as well as the importance of additional nutrition and family nutrition. To understand children’s immunity, the specifics of its formation in children. To recognise food allergies. To understand the metabolism of minerals and vitamins. To recognise vitamin D deficiency rickets. To understand the specifics of the haematopoietic system at different ages. To differentiate between deficiency anaemias. To recognise the most common infections in children, nosocomial infections, know the principles of the treatment and prevention thereof. To know about the vaccination programme for children in Latvia, explain the importance of vaccination in disease control and prevention. | ||||||||
| Skills: | The study course improves learning skills, research skills and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. The study course improves cognitive and methodological skills. After completing the study course, the student will be able to formulate key words, orient oneself in academic literature and online databases to find the necessary information about a healthy child, a child in the perinatal and neonatal period. | ||||||||
| Competencies: | The study course gives the competence to understand and apply the basic concepts learned in the study course. The study course improves cognitive and methodological skills for finding the necessary information about healthy children and the most common diseases in children of different ages in academic literature and online databases. The study course gives the necessary skills and abilities for the examination of a healthy and sick child, as well as the competence to draw conclusions after collecting the obtained results – the student will know how to communicate with the child according to their age, take an anamnesis, perform a clinical examination assessing deviations from the norm, assess the patient’s condition, offer solutions in diagnosis, treatment and prevention within the limits of one’s competence, document the results in the patient examination protocol and report them to colleagues, using the terminology accepted in medicine, observing ethical principles and requirements for the protection of personal data. The student will be able to measure the child’s physical activity, prescribe feeding according to the child’s age. | ||||||||
| Bibliography | |||||||||
| No. | Reference | ||||||||
| Required Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Lekciju materiāls. | ||||||||
| 2 | Mācību metodiskie materiāli Pediatrijā. | ||||||||
| Additional Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Kliegman R. M., Behrman R.E., Jenson H. B. Stanton B. F. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Elsevier: Saunders, 2020 | ||||||||
| Other Information Sources | |||||||||
| 1 | BMJ Journals | ||||||||
| 2 | Cochrane Library | ||||||||
| 3 | DynaMed | ||||||||
| 4 | First Consult | ||||||||
| 5 | PubMed | ||||||||
| 6 | Science Direct | ||||||||
